10 Most Unique Australian Dog Breeds: History, Health, and Expert Care Guide

The world is home to thousands of dog breeds, but only a handful possess truly unique dog breeds traits, history, and characteristics that set them apart. Many of these most unique dog breeds originated in Australia, where their development was guided by the harsh, demanding climate and the need for resilient working companions. From the powerful herding instinct of the Australian Cattle Dog to the ancient lineage of the Dingo, these distinctive canine companions require specific care tailored to their high energy, intelligence, and predisposition to certain health issues.

Unveiling Australia's Rare Dog Breeds and Distinctive Canine Companions

The exploration of unique dog breeds often leads us to Australia, a country whose vast, varied landscapes have forged some of the planet's most resilient and specialised canines. As dog ownership becomes increasingly diverse, understanding these rare dog breeds and distinctive canine companions is crucial for providing the right environment and care.

As a team dedicated to canine health and wellness, we’ve synthesised historical breed data with veterinary insights to provide an authoritative look at the world’s most fascinating dog breeds with unique traits and unique Australian dog breeds.

1. Australian Cattle Dog (Blue/Red Heeler): A Powerful Australian Working Dog

The Australian Cattle Dog, also known as the Blue Heeler or Queensland Heeler, is a high-energy Australian working dog developed to herd cattle over vast distances in the Australian outback. A mix of various breeds such as the Dalmatian, Blue Merle Collies, and the native Australian Dingo, these dogs are recognised for their intelligence, agility, and endurance, making them one of the most unique dog breeds.

Characterised by their muscular build and distinctive blue or red speckled coat, Australian Cattle Dogs are compact yet powerful. They are loyal and protective, making excellent companions for active individuals or families who can meet their high exercise needs. Their resourcefulness and hardiness were crucial in the Australian cattle industry's development.

Key Characteristics:

• Incredible Bite Force – Australian Cattle Dogs are known for their strong jaws and unique herding style, which involves nipping at the heels of cattle to keep them moving. This earned them the nickname “Heelers”.

• Born White – Australian Cattle Dog puppies are born completely white due to their Dalmatian ancestry, developing their signature blue or red speckled coat as they grow.

• One of the Most Intelligent Breeds – Ranked among the top 10 smartest unique dog breeds, these dogs excel in obedience, problem-solving, and agility training.

• Guinness World Record Holder – An Australian Cattle Dog named Bluey holds the record for the longest-lived dog, reaching an astonishing 29 years and 5 months!

Expert Veterinary Insight: Joint Health and Dysplasia Risk

The Australian Cattle Dog is genetically predisposed to Hip and Elbow Dysplasia due to its intense, physically demanding history as a working dog. Constant, high-impact stress on major joints makes proactive care essential for this breed. Veterinary professionals recommend that breeding stock be screened for these conditions (e.g., OFA/PennHIP testing) to ensure the health of the lineage.

Expert Tip: To support lifelong joint mobility, especially given their high mileage and activity, incorporate a high-quality joint health supplement for dogs into their daily routine. Look for products rich in Glucosamine and Chondroitin to maintain joint cushioning and support cartilage health throughout their working life.

2. Australian Terrier: A Unique Dog Breed with Terrier Temperament

The Australian Terrier, one of the smallest terriers, is a robust, small and sturdy breed known for its distinctive rough double coat, erect ears and spirited personality. This breed emerged in the mid-19th century, when British settlers brought several types of terriers to Australia, which were then interbred to produce a versatile dog capable of dealing with harsh climates, rough terrains and handling various pests.

The Australian Terrier possesses a confident, alert and friendly disposition, coupled with a high degree of intelligence and tenacity.

The Australian Terrier makes a splendid companion. They are adaptable, fit well into family life and are good with children. These terriers are robust and require moderate exercise to keep them healthy and entertained. Their size and energetic personality make them suitable for both apartment living and houses with yards.

However, potential owners should be aware of their high prey drive – typical of terriers – and their occasional stubborn streak. This breed thrives in an environment where they are included in daily activities and given regular mental and physical stimulation.

Key Characteristics:

• Australia’s First Recognised Native Breed – The Australian Terrier was the first Australian-bred dog to be officially recognised and shown in competitions, gaining Kennel Club recognition in the late 19th century.

• Bred for Tough Conditions – Originally bred to hunt vermin like rats and snakes, Australian Terriers were designed to withstand Australia’s harsh climate and rugged landscapes, making them resilient and hardy companions.

• A Terrier with a Soft Side – Unlike many terrier breeds, the Australian Terrier is known for being exceptionally affectionate and loyal, forming strong bonds with their family while maintaining their feisty and spirited nature.

• Low Shedding, Low Maintenance – Their rough double coat is water-resistant and dirt-repellent, requiring only occasional grooming to stay in great condition. The coat is water-resistant and dirt-repellent, requiring only occasional grooming.

Expert Veterinary Insight: Digestive Wellness and Obesity Prevention

Terriers, due to their active nature and sometimes sensitive stomachs from their working ancestry, benefit greatly from robust gut health. High-drive, energetic dogs need efficient nutrient processing. Veterinary studies have linked poor diet and metabolism in terriers to issues like Pancreatitis and Obesity, making gut health a foundational priority.

To support their digestive system and ensure maximum nutrient absorption, consider a quality dog probiotics supplement. This is particularly helpful for terriers prone to environmental allergies or occasional digestive upset, supporting the gut-skin axis.

3. Australian Kelpie: The Endurance Expert Among Australian Working Dogs

The Australian Kelpie is a renowned sheepdog, admired for its intelligence, agility, and great hardworking nature, cementing its place among the distinctive canine companions from Australia. This Australian sheep dog breed’s history is somewhat mysterious, with a mix of domestic dogs and, as some believe, the native Australian Dingo. Kelpies were developed to handle the demanding task of managing livestock in the harsh climate.

Kelpies are medium-sized dogs with a compact, athletic build and a short, double coat that comes in various colours, including black, red, chocolate, and fawn. These dogs are energetic, loyal, and have a natural instinct for herding. They thrive when given jobs to do, making them excellent Australian working dogs and competitors in dog sports.

Key Characteristics

• Self-Sufficient Workers – Australian Kelpies are famous for their ability to work independently without constant human direction, making them invaluable on farms and stations across Australia.

• Extreme Stamina – Bred for endurance, Kelpies can run up to 60 km (37 miles) a day, tirelessly herding sheep and cattle across vast landscapes.

• Can 'Walk on Sheep’ – A remarkable skill of highly trained Kelpies is their ability to run across the backs of tightly packed sheep to get to the front of the flock, a technique used in crowded pens and yards.

• NASA Level Intelligence – Kelpies are considered one of the most intelligent dog breeds, able to learn new commands and problem-solve at an advanced level, making them ideal for complex tasks beyond herding.

Expert Veterinary Insight: Coat, Skin, and Joint Health

Kelpies possess a short, dense double coat that is generally low-maintenance but requires optimal nutrition to stay healthy and resilient against the elements. A well-nourished coat reflects overall internal health. Given their extreme stamina, veterinary research indicates they can also be prone to hip dysplasia and some inherited conditions like Progressive Retinal Atrophy (PRA).

For a glossy, healthy coat and to support overall skin barrier function, a daily essential dog skin and coat supplement with Omega-3 fatty acids is highly recommended. These fatty acids benefit the skin and provide anti-inflammatory support for the joints of working and active dogs, helping them manage environmental stressors and dryness. 

4. Australian Shepherd (The Misnomer): A Distinctive Canine Companion Developed Elsewhere

The Australian Shepherd, often known simply as the "Aussie," is a breed of herding dog that, despite its name, was developed on ranches in the United States during the 19th century. This breed is well known for its striking multi-colored coat that comes in blue merle, red merle, black and red, often with white and/or tan markings.

Aussies are also noted for their unique traits like their expressive eyes, which can be blue, amber or brown, sometimes even a combination of these. They are medium-sized, sturdy, and athletic, built for a full day's work. Australian Shepherds are intelligent, versatile, and eager to please with a good-natured disposition and a strong work ethic, making them a distinctive canine companion globally.

Australian Shepherds can be delightful companions and great family pets, especially in active households that can provide the exercise and mental stimulation they crave. They are very loyal and tend to form strong bonds with their family. Given their intelligence and eagerness to please, they excel in obedience and are easy to train, but can become bored or destructive if not given enough to do.

Potential owners should also note that they are natural herders and may display this behaviour with children or other pets. They thrive when they have a job to do, whether that’s herding livestock, competing in dog sports or being engaged in active play with their owners. With proper socialisation and training, the Australian Shepherd can be a wonderfully adaptable and affectionate dog.

Key Characteristics

• Naturally Bobtailed – While some Australian Shepherds are born with full-length tails, many are naturally bobtailed, a genetic trait that was selectively bred for in the past to prevent tail injuries while herding.

• Highly Energetic and Intelligent – Aussies are ranked among the most intelligent dog breeds, excelling in agility, obedience and even search-and-rescue work. They require plenty of mental and physical stimulation to stay happy.

• Their Eyes Can Be Stunningly Unique – Australian Shepherds often have heterochromia, meaning they can have two different-coloured eyes or even marble eyes with multiple colours in the same iris.

Expert Veterinary Insight: Ocular Health and Energy Management

Due to the merle gene, Australian Shepherds require attentive eye care. The risk of severe ocular defects, including deafness and microphthalmia, is significantly higher in "Double Merles"—puppies resulting from breeding two merle-carrying dogs. Their intense focus and energy also demand premium internal support.

For all working and highly intelligent breeds, a balanced diet is essential. Ensure their diet is supported by supplements that promote optimal nerve and brain function, which aids their intense focus and trainability. Reputable breeders must genetically test to prevent Double Merle pairings. Regular veterinary checks for inherited eye conditions are strongly advised for this unique dog breed.

5. Australian Stumpy Tail Cattle Dog: A Rare Dog Breed and Original Australian Working Dog

The Australian Stumpy Tail Cattle Dog is a naturally bob-tailed or tailless breed developed in Australia for working with cattle. While they share some similarities with the Australian Cattle Dog (and other native Australian dogs), they are a separate breed with distinct ancestry, positioning them as a rare dog breed in some circles. This Australian dog breed is believed to have originated from a mix of native Australian Dingoes, Smithfield herding dogs and various Collie-type breeds.

Stumpy Tails have a short, dense, weather-resistant double coat that comes in blue or red, similar to the Australian Cattle Dog. They have a strong, compact body, a broad head and pricked ears. The most distinguishing feature of the breed is their naturally short or absent tail, giving them their name. This breed also has a medium-length, straight, dense double coat that is designed to withstand harsh weather conditions.

The outer coat is harsh and straight, while the undercoat is short, dense and soft. As for the colour of the coat, the Australian Stumpy Tail Cattle Dog comes in two main colours: blue and red.

Like their Australian Cattle Dog cousins, Stumpy Tails are intelligent, hard-working and highly trainable. They are loyal and protective of their family, making them excellent watchdogs. However, they can be reserved with strangers and require early socialisation. Their high energy and work drive mean they need plenty of exercise and mental stimulation, similar to a collie breed.

Key Characteristics

• Australia’s Oldest Cattle Dog Breed – The Australian Stumpy Tail Cattle Dog is believed to be the original Australian cattle dog, predating the more well-known Australian Cattle Dog by several decades.

• Born Without a Tail – Unlike other breeds that have docked tails, Stumpy Tails are naturally born with a short or absent tail, a unique genetic trait that distinguishes them from their close relatives.

• Incredible Work Ethic – Bred for herding in harsh conditions, Stumpy Tails are known for their unwavering stamina, agility and independence, often capable of working with minimal human guidance.

• More Dingo Influence – Compared to the Australian Cattle Dog, Stumpy Tails have a higher percentage of dingo ancestry, giving them a leaner build and a more cautious temperament around strangers.

Expert Veterinary Insight: Temperament and Joint Resilience

Like their cousins, Stumpy Tails possess immense stamina, making them susceptible to the wear and tear of continuous, high-impact work on their joints over a long lifespan. Their more reserved, cautious temperament also requires extensive socialisation.

Expert Tip: Given their high intelligence and tendency toward wariness, early and consistent socialisation is mandatory to ensure a well-adjusted companion. To support their incredible work ethic and physical resilience, proactive joint care with a quality joint supplement helps maintain optimal physical condition for their lifetime.

6. Australian Silky Terrier: An Elegant Dog Breed with Unique Traits

The Australian Silky Terrier, or simply the Silky Terrier, is a small, elegant Australian dog breed with a beautiful silky coat, hence the name. They are energetic, playful and friendly, yet they can also be quite brave and protective for their size, which makes them a perfect pet.

The Silky Terrier was developed in the late 19th century in Australia. They were bred primarily as companion animals, but they also had a knack for hunting rodents, a characteristic derived from their Terrier ancestry. The breed is a cross between Australian Terriers and Yorkshire Terriers, resulting in a dog breed with unique traits. The breed is fully recognised by the Australian National Kennel Council (ANKC).

Key Characteristics:

• Not Just a Lap Dog – Despite their elegant appearance, Silky Terriers were originally bred to hunt vermin, making them surprisingly fearless and tenacious for their small size.

• A True Aussie Breed with British Roots – The Australian Silky Terrier is a cross between the Yorkshire Terrier and the Australian Terrier, combining the best traits of both breeds.

• Low Shedding but High Maintenance – Their fine, silky coat doesn’t shed much but does require regular brushing to prevent tangles and maintain its glossy texture.

• Tiny but Protective – Silky Terriers may be small, but they have big personalities and strong protective instincts, often alerting their owners to strangers with their sharp bark.

Expert Veterinary Insight: Dental and Small-Bone Issues

Silky Terriers are prone to two major health concerns linked to their small stature. Dental disease is highly prevalent; their small mouths often lead to rapid tartar accumulation, which can cause periodontal disease and tooth loss. They are also prone to small-breed orthopedic issues like Patellar Luxation.

Veterinary Reference: Due to the risk of dental disease affecting internal organs, a daily routine of dental kelp powder for dogs plus brushing is mandatory and more effective than chews for small breeds. To support their highly active metabolism and overall vitality, ensure a diet rich in essential fatty acids for optimal skin and coat health.

7. Tenterfield Terrier: A Small, Agile Distinctive Canine Companion

The Tenterfield Terrier is a small, agile breed, known for its versatility and friendly nature. They have a smooth coat that is predominantly white with black, liver or blue markings. Despite their small size, these dogs are energetic and love participating in various dog sports.

The Tenterfield Terrier traces its roots back to early British Fox Terriers that were brought to Australia in the 19th century. Over generations, these dogs were bred for their ratting abilities and adapted to the harsh environment, eventually evolving into what is known today as the Tenterfield Terrier—a true distinctive canine companion. With the help of trustworthy dog breeders you can get yourself a premium dog. 

Key Characteristics:

• An Australian Icon with English Roots – As far as different types of dogs in Australia go, the Tenterfield Terrier descends from small working terriers brought to Australia by early British settlers, developing into a distinct breed over time.

• Expert Rat Catchers – Originally bred to hunt vermin in homes, farms and stables, these terriers have a strong prey drive and an instinct for chasing small animals.

• Compact but Energetic – Despite their small size, Tenterfield Terriers are highly active and agile, excelling in dog sports like agility, obedience and flyball.

• Naturally Short-Tailed – While some Tenterfield Terriers are born with full-length tails, many have a naturally short or bobbed tail, a unique trait of the breed.

Expert Veterinary Insight: Focus on Kneecaps and Mobility

As a small, energetic, and agile terrier, the Tenterfield Terrier is predisposed to orthopedic issues common in small breeds. Patellar luxation, where the kneecap temporarily dislocates, is a key concern and can lead to discomfort and lameness.

Expert Tip: Maintaining a lean body weight is critical to minimise stress on these small joints. For proactive care, supplementing their diet with an essential hip and joint supplement for dogs can help maintain cartilage integrity and mobility throughout their active lives.

8. Koolie (Australian Koolie): An Ancient and Rare Dog Breed

The Koolie, also known as the Australian Koolie, is a rare dog breed and working dog well-regarded for its extraordinary herding abilities. The breed's history is a bit nebulous, but they are believed to have German origins from the early 19th century, when they were brought to Australia by European settlers.

Physically, Koolies vary greatly in colour and size but are generally medium-sized dogs with a double coat that can be either short or medium in length. They have a robust and agile physique suited for endurance and speed. Koolies are celebrated for their intelligence, versatility and adaptability, with a keen instinct for herding and an impressive work ethic.

When it comes to desirability as a pet, Koolies are an excellent choice for active families or individuals who can provide them with plenty of mental and physical stimulation.

Their intelligence and eagerness to please make them highly trainable. However, potential owners should bear in mind that Koolies need a job to do – whether that's herding livestock, participating in dog sports or regular intensive exercise.

Their sociable and loyal nature also makes them a great fit for families, but they may not be the best choice for first-time dog owners due to their high energy levels and need for mental stimulation.

Key Characteristics:

• One of Australia’s Oldest Working Dogs – The Koolie has been herding livestock in Australia for over 200 years, making it one of the country’s oldest and most reliable working breeds.

• German Roots, Australian Legacy – Despite being an Australian dog breed, Koolies are believed to descend from German herding dogs brought over by early European settlers in the 19th century.

• Born to Work – Koolies are famous for their boundless energy and ability to work long hours, often covering more than 50 km (31 miles) a day while herding.

• A Unique Colour Palette – Koolies come in a wide range of colours and patterns, including merle, solid, bi-colour and tri-colour, with many having striking blue or multi-coloured eyes.

Expert Veterinary Insight: Genetic Screening and Joint Support

The Koolie, particularly those with the distinctive merle coat, requires careful genetic management. They have an inherited risk for Deafness and Congenital Eye Defects if two merle-carrying dogs are bred. Koolies are also a breed at risk for Degenerative Myelopathy (DM), a neurological condition. As highly active working dogs capable of running long distances, they also require significant joint support.

Expert Tip: If you own a merle Koolie, genetic testing and regular vet checks for hearing and vision are crucial. For their physical health, the sheer endurance they possess puts strain on the hips and elbows. Supplementation is non-negotiable—specifically, a robust joint supplement helps cushion the joints and supports recovery after intensive work sessions. A good eye supplement for dogs includes antioxidants to boost vision and support. 

9. Dingo: Australia’s Ancient Canine and Truly Unique Dog Breed

The Dingo is Australia's wild dog, a unique dog breed that's been a significant part of the country's ecosystem for thousands of years. Dingoes are medium-sized dogs with a lean, athletic build and a thick double coat that varies in colour from sandy yellow to red ginger. They have erect ears, a bushy tail, and are known for their agility, speed, and endurance. Dingoes are highly independent creatures with keen senses and a sharp intelligence.

As pets, Dingoes are quite unique and challenging and are therefore not suitable for everyone. They have complex needs and a degree of independence that doesn't always align with typical domestic dog ownership. Their high energy levels, intelligence, and independence mean they should be raised from birth and have a lot of mental and physical stimulation, along with a securely fenced yard.

Key Characteristics

• Australia’s Oldest Canine – Dingoes are believed to have arrived in Australia over 4000 years ago, making them one of the world’s most ancient dog breeds. Genetic research confirms this ancient lineage.

• Neither Dog Nor Wolf – Dingoes are genetically distinct from domestic dogs and wolves, sitting somewhere between the two in terms of behaviour and characteristics.

• Exceptional Hunters – With rotating wrists and the ability to climb trees, Dingoes are incredibly agile and can hunt a wide variety of prey, from small rodents to kangaroos.

• No Bark, Just Howl – Unlike domestic dogs, Dingoes rarely bark but instead communicate through howls, growls, and unique vocalisations to coordinate with their pack.

Note on Ownership:

Keeping a Dingo as a pet is highly regulated and often restricted due to their status as native wildlife. They are only suitable for experienced owners who can meet their complex needs, which include high levels of mental stimulation and exceptionally secure enclosures.

10. Miniature Fox Terrier (Mini Foxy): A Unique Dog Breed Developed for Pest Control

The Miniature Fox Terrier, also known as the "Mini Foxy," is a small-sized breed developed in Australia in the 19th century for hunting rats and other small vermin. They are a sturdy, well-proportioned breed with a short, fine and glossy coat that comes in a combination of white with black or tan markings. Known for their intelligence, agility and bravery, Miniature Fox Terriers were bred for tenacity and speed in catching their quarry, and these traits persist in this unique dog breed today.

Miniature Fox Terriers make excellent pets for the right families. They are energetic, affectionate and known for their loyalty and protective nature. These dogs get along well with children and can adapt to living in a variety of environments, including apartments, given adequate exercise.

However, potential owners should note that these dogs can have a high prey drive and may not get along well with small pets. As with all dogs, early socialisation is essential to ensure that Miniature Fox Terriers grow into well-rounded pets.

Key Characteristics:

• An Australian Original – The Miniature Fox Terrier is one of Australia’s few truly native dog breeds, developed in the 19th century by crossing small Smooth Fox Terriers with other toy breeds. It's standard maintained by dedicated breed clubs.

• Tiny but Mighty – Despite their small size, Mini Foxies are fearless hunters with a strong prey drive, originally bred to control rat and rabbit populations on farms.

• Fast and Agile – These little dogs are known for their speed and agility, making them excellent competitors in dog sports like agility and flyball.

• Loyal and Protective – Mini Foxies are alert and highly protective of their families, often acting as natural watchdogs who will bark to alert their owners of any intruders.

Expert Veterinary Insight: Blood Clotting and Orthopedic Care

Mini Foxies are generally hardy but share small-breed orthopedic concerns like Patellar Luxation. On a daily basis, their short, glossy coat is low maintenance but benefits from nutritional support. A daily supplement rich in Omega-3 fatty acids, like a dog skin and coat supplement, helps maintain the health of their skin barrier against environmental irritants, which terriers can be prone to.

Conclusion

Australia's unique dog breeds reflect the country's diverse environments and history. Australia's unique landscape and work demands have given rise to some truly distinctive canine companions and Australian working dogs. Whether herding animals, hunting vermin or being a loyal companion, these most unique dog breeds have carved out essential roles in both working and family life.

Each breed's unique traits make them not only excellent working dogs, but with the right care and training, they can also make loyal and loving companions.

Frequently Asked Questions

Q: What is the rarest dog breed from Australia?

A: The Koolie and the Australian Stumpy Tail Cattle Dog are considered two of the most rare and unique Australian working breeds, with the latter only being formally recognised relatively recently. The Dingo, as a wild animal, is also uniquely Australian.

Q: What is a dog that looks like a Dingo?

A: The Australian Cattle Dog and the Australian Kelpie are often cited as having Dingo ancestry and share a similar lean, athletic build, erect ears, and independent nature. However, the Australian Stumpy Tail Cattle Dog is believed to have the highest percentage of Dingo heritage among domestic breeds.

Q: Are unique dog breeds harder to train?

A: Not necessarily. Breeds considered "unique," like the Kelpie and Australian Cattle Dog, are often highly intelligent but require more mental and physical stimulation than common companion breeds. They need experienced owners who can provide a consistent routine, early socialisation, and a "job" to perform.

Key Takeaways & Expert Tips

Selecting a truly unique dog breed means committing to a specific set of needs, often centred around high energy, deep intelligence, and potential for specific health concerns.

• Mind the Energy: Most of these Australian breeds were developed for intense working conditions. Expect to provide at least 1-2 hours of vigorous exercise daily, supplemented with challenging mental tasks like puzzle toys or advanced obedience training.

• Prioritise Health: Due to their active lifestyles, focus on proactive joint, skin, and coat care. Discuss with your vet the benefits of supplements like Glucosamine and Omega-3s to support their long-term health.

• Early Socialisation: Unique and working breeds can be reserved or protective. Early and ongoing socialisation with people, pets, and various environments is crucial for a well-adjusted companion.

References & Further Reading

• Breed Standards: Australian National Kennel Council (ANKC) [Source: https://ankc.org.au/]

• Canine Hip Dysplasia Screening: Veterinary Journals on Canine Hip Dysplasia in Working Dogs (PennHIP Evaluations) [Source: https://stcharlesveterinaryclinic.com/services/PennHIP-Evaluations]

• Progressive Retinal Atrophy (PRA): Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine [Source: https://www.vet.cornell.edu/departments-centers-and-institutes/riney-canine-health-center/canine-health-information/progressive-retinal-atrophy]

• Dingo Genetic Research: Oxford University Press (Dingo Genetics) [Source: https://academic.oup.com/evlett/article/9/1/1/7828091]

• Double Merle Genetics: Pet Helpful (Dangers of Merle to Merle Breeding) [Source: https://pethelpful.com/dogs/what-is-a-double-merle-dog-the-dangers-of-merle-to-merle-breeding]

• Canine Pancreatitis Research: Pubmed (Associations between dietary factors and pancreatitis in dogs) [Source: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18980495/ 

• Degenerative Myelopathy (DM): University of Missouri College of Veterinary Medicine Research) [Source: https://cvm.missouri.edu/research/dm-degenerative-myelopathy/]

• Mini Foxy Cub of Australia. Breed Standard [Source: https://www.minifoxie.org/breed-standard]